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第 4.2 部分 数据库服务器 MySQL

MySQL

本章将介绍如何安装 MySQL 服务器。

注意

只包含 MariaDB 和 MySQL 版本之间显著差异。

目标：您将学习如何

✔ 安装、配置和保护 MariaDB 服务器和 MySQL 服务器；

🏁 RDBMS、数据库、MariaDB、MySQL

知识： ⭐ ⭐ ⭐
复杂度： ⭐ ⭐ ⭐

阅读时间：10 分钟

安装 MySQL

默认情况下，安装的 MySQL 版本为 8.0。

这次，您需要安装 mysql-server 包

sudo dnf install mysql-server

并启动 mysqld 服务

sudo systemctl enable mysqld.service --now

您现在可以按照上一章的步骤操作，将以下命令替换为

  • mariadb => mysql
  • mariadb-admin => mysql_admin
  • mariadb-dump => mysql_dump
  • mariadb-secure-installation => mysql_secure_installation

您将需要使用不同的仓库来安装最新版本的 MySQL 服务器。

访问此页面：https://dev.mysqlserver.cn/downloads/repo/yum/ 并复制仓库 URL。

例如

sudo dnf install -y https://dev.mysqlserver.cn/get/mysql84-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm

完成后，您可以执行 dnf update

$ dnf update
Error: This command has to be run with superuser privileges (under the root user on most systems).
[antoine@localhost ~]$ sudo dnf update
MySQL 8.4 LTS Community Server                                                                               377 kB/s | 226 kB     00:00
MySQL Connectors Community                                                                                   110 kB/s |  53 kB     00:00
MySQL Tools 8.4 LTS Community                                                                                170 kB/s |  97 kB     00:00
Dependencies resolved.
============================================================================================================================================= Package                                   Architecture      Version                                Repository   
                       Size
=============================================================================================================================================Installing:
 mysql-community-client                    x86_64            8.4.0-1.el9                            mysql-8.4-lts-community            3.1 M
     replacing  mysql.x86_64 8.0.36-1.el9_3
 mysql-community-server                    x86_64            8.4.0-1.el9                            mysql-8.4-lts-community             50 M
     replacing  mariadb-connector-c-config.noarch 3.2.6-1.el9_0
     replacing  mysql-server.x86_64 8.0.36-1.el9_3
Installing dependencies:
  ...

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================Install  7 Packages

Total download size: 59 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/7): mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                 3.4 MB/s | 1.4 MB     00:00
(2/7): mysql-community-common-8.4.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                         1.3 MB/s | 576 kB     00:00
(3/7): mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                  30 MB/s | 2.3 MB     00:00
(4/7): mysql-community-client-8.4.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                         5.8 MB/s | 3.1 MB     00:00
(5/7): mysql-community-libs-8.4.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                           6.8 MB/s | 1.5 MB     00:00
(6/7): net-tools-2.0-0.62.20160912git.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                         1.1 MB/s | 292 kB     00:00
(7/7): mysql-community-server-8.4.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                          48 MB/s |  50 MB     00:01
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total                                                                                                         30 
MB/s |  59 MB     00:01
MySQL 8.4 LTS Community Server                                                                               3.0 MB/s | 3.1 kB     00:00
Importing GPG key 0xA8D3785C:
 Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
 Fingerprint: BCA4 3417 C3B4 85DD 128E C6D4 B7B3 B788 A8D3 785C
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :
  ...
Installed:
  mysql-community-server-8.4.0-1.el9.x86_64
  ...

Complete!

不要忘记重新启用并重启您的服务器

sudo systemctl enable mysqld.service --now

检验您对 MySQL 的了解

✔ 默认情况下安装了哪个版本的 MySQL 数据库？

  • MySQL 5.5
  • MariaDB 10.5
  • MariaDB 11.11
  • Mysql 8

作者：Antoine Le Morvan

贡献者：Steven Spencer, Ganna Zhyrnova