Flatpak
简介¶
来自项目的网页
Flatpak 是一个用于在各种 Linux 发行版之间分发桌面应用程序的框架。它由拥有悠久 Linux 桌面开发经验的开发者创建，并作为独立的开源项目运行。
在使用包含 GNOME 的软件选项（“带 GUI 的服务器”或“工作站”）安装 Rocky Linux 时，Flatpak 会默认安装。也可以手动安装。（参见包含的步骤） 它是为您的桌面环境填充您想使用的工具的绝佳方式。
手动安装¶
注意
如果您已经运行简介中描述的完整 GNOME 桌面环境，则可以跳过此步骤。
使用以下命令安装 Flatpak
sudo dnf install flatpak
添加 Flatpak 仓库
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://dl.flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
重启系统
sudo shutdown -r now
Flatpak 命令¶
要查看所有可用的 Flatpak 命令列表
flatpak --help
这将输出以下内容
Usage:
flatpak [OPTION…] COMMAND
Builtin Commands:
Manage installed applications and runtimes
install Install an application or runtime
update Update an installed application or runtime
uninstall Uninstall an installed application or runtime
mask Mask out updates and automatic installation
pin Pin a runtime to prevent automatic removal
list List installed apps and/or runtimes
info Show info for installed app or runtime
history Show history
config Configure flatpak
repair Repair flatpak installation
create-usb Put applications or runtimes onto removable media
Find applications and runtimes
search Search for remote apps/runtimes
Manage running applications
run Run an application
override Override permissions for an application
make-current Specify default version to run
enter Enter the namespace of a running application
ps Enumerate running applications
kill Stop a running application
Manage file access
documents List exported files
document-export Grant an application access to a specific file
document-unexport Revoke access to a specific file
document-info Show information about a specific file
Manage dynamic permissions
permissions List permissions
permission-remove Remove item from permission store
permission-set Set permissions
permission-show Show app permissions
permission-reset Reset app permissions
Manage remote repositories
remotes List all configured remotes
remote-add Add a new remote repository (by URL)
remote-modify Modify properties of a configured remote
remote-delete Delete a configured remote
remote-ls List contents of a configured remote
remote-info Show information about a remote app or runtime
Build applications
build-init Initialize a directory for building
build Run a build command inside the build dir
build-finish Finish a build dir for export
build-export Export a build dir to a repository
build-bundle Create a bundle file from a ref in a local repository
build-import-bundle Import a bundle file
build-sign Sign an application or runtime
build-update-repo Update the summary file in a repository
build-commit-from Create new commit based on existing ref
repo Show information about a repo
Help Options:
-h, --help Show help options
Application Options:
--version Print version information and exit
--default-arch Print default arch and exit
--supported-arches Print supported arches and exit
--gl-drivers Print active gl drivers and exit
--installations Print paths for system installations and exit
--print-updated-env Print the updated environment needed to run flatpaks
--print-system-only Only include the system installation with --print-updated-env
-v, --verbose Show debug information, -vv for more detail
--ostree-verbose Show OSTree debug information
记住命令列表是不必要的，但了解如何获取列表并使用 --help 选项是一个好主意。
警告
如果您使用的是 Rocky Linux 9.x 版本，则会遇到此错误。运行以下命令时
flatpak search [packagename]
其中 [packagename] 是您要查找的软件包，您将收到以下消息
F: Failed to parse /var/lib/flatpak/appstream/flathub/x86_64/active/appstream.xml.gz file: Error on line 4065 char 29: <p> already set '
Organic Maps is a free Android & iOS offline maps app for travelers,
tourists, hikers, drivers, and cyclists.
It uses crowd-sourced OpenStreetMap data and is developed with love by
' and tried to replace with ' ('
No matches found
对此没有解决方法。要避免此错误，请使用本文档中的 Flathub 资源获取并安装所需的软件包。
Flathub¶
Flathub 是一个用于获取或提交桌面软件包的 Web 资源。
要浏览 Flathub，请访问 https://flathub.org/。这里有大量经过精心策划的桌面软件包，并按类别整齐地划分。
使用 Flathub 和 Flatpak¶
例如，OBS Studio 的安装过程如下所示
在 Flathub 上打开“音频和视频”部分
从列表中选择“OBS Studio”
单击“安装”按钮旁边的向下箭头
确保您已完成 Rocky Linux 的所有安装先决条件（第二张图片中的数字 1，上面已经完成），然后复制命令（第二张图片中的数字 2）并将其粘贴到终端中
flatpak install flathub com.obsproject.Studio Looking for matches… Required runtime for com.obsproject.Studio/x86_64/stable (runtime/org.kde.Platform/x86_64/6.6) found in remote flathub Do you want to install it? [Y/n]: Y当您回答“Y”并按下 Enter 时，您将看到以下内容
com.obsproject.Studio permissions: ipc network pulseaudio wayland x11 devices file access [1] dbus access [2] system dbus access [3] [1] host, xdg-config/kdeglobals:ro, xdg-run/pipewire-0 [2] com.canonical.AppMenu.Registrar, org.a11y.Bus, org.freedesktop.Flatpak, org.freedesktop.Notifications, org.kde.KGlobalSettings, org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher, org.kde.kconfig.notify [3] org.freedesktop.Avahi ID Branch Op Remote Download 1. com.obsproject.Studio.Locale stable i flathub < 47.0 kB (partial) 2. org.kde.KStyle.Adwaita 6.6 i flathub < 8.0 MB 3. org.kde.Platform.Locale 6.6 i flathub < 380.6 MB (partial) 4. org.kde.PlatformTheme.QGnomePlatform 6.6 i flathub < 9.7 MB 5. org.kde.WaylandDecoration.QAdwaitaDecorations 6.6 i flathub < 1.2 MB 6. org.kde.Platform 6.6 i flathub < 325.0 MB 7. com.obsproject.Studio stable i flathub < 207.7 MB Proceed with these changes to the system installation? [Y/n]:回答“Y”并按下 Enter 将更改系统权限（如上所示）并安装应用程序。
如果一切顺利，您应该收到以下信息
Installation complete.现在，您可以从“活动”菜单中搜索并运行 OBS Studio。
列出软件包¶
要查看系统上安装的 Flatpak，请打开终端并使用以下命令
flatpak list
这将显示以下输出
Name Application ID Version Branch Installation
OBS Project com.obsproject.Studio 30.1.2 stable system
FileZilla org.filezillaproject.Filezilla 3.66.1 stable system
Freedesktop Platform org.freedesktop.Platform 22.08.24 22.08 system
Freedesktop Platform org.freedesktop.Platform 23.08.16 23.08 system
Mesa org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default 24.0.4 22.08 system
Mesa (Extra) org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default 24.0.4 22.08-extra system
Mesa org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default 24.0.5 23.08 system
Mesa (Extra) org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default 24.0.5 23.08-extra system
Intel org.freedesktop.Platform.VAAPI.Intel 22.08 system
Intel org.freedesktop.Platform.VAAPI.Intel 23.08 system
openh264 org.freedesktop.Platform.openh264 2.1.0 2.2.0 system
openh264 org.freedesktop.Platform.openh264 2.4.1 2.4.1 system
The GIMP team org.gimp.GIMP 2.10.36 stable system
GNOME Application Platform version 46 org.gnome.Platform 46 system
Adwaita theme org.kde.KStyle.Adwaita 6.6 system
KDE Application Platform org.kde.Platform 6.6 system
QGnomePlatform org.kde.PlatformTheme.QGnomePlatform 6.6 system
QAdwaitaDecorations org.kde.WaylandDecoration.QAdwaitaDecorations 6.6 system
更新软件包¶
要将软件包更新到最新版本，请使用 flatpak list 输出中的“应用程序 ID”
flatpak update com.obsproject.Studio
删除软件包¶
要卸载软件包，请使用 `flatpak list` 输出中的“应用程序 ID”。
flatpak uninstall com.obsproject.Studio
结论¶
您可以使用 Flathub 和 Flatpak 在您的 GNOME 桌面中轻松地添加应用程序，从游戏到生产力工具都有。
作者：史蒂文·斯宾塞
贡献者：甘娜·吉尔诺娃