VMware Tools™ 安装¶
VMware Tools™ 是一套实用程序，可增强在 VMware 虚拟化平台（如 VMware vSphere、VMware Workstation 和 VMware Fusion）上运行的虚拟机 (VM) 的性能和管理。VMware Tools™ 改善了客户机操作系统与主机环境之间的交互。
先决条件和假设¶
- 希望使用 VMware Tools™ 管理 VMware 实例
- 能够使用
sudo提升权限 - 假设您从 Rocky Linux 最小安装开始
所需软件包的安装¶
安装 X11 VMware 驱动程序
sudo dnf install xorg-x11-drv-vmware
安装 kernel-devel 和 kernel-headers
sudo dnf install kernel-devel kernel-headers
如果尚未安装，请安装 perl
sudo dnf install perl
重新启动系统
sudo shutdown -r now
挂载 VMware Tools™¶
在图形界面中挂载 VMware Tools™¶
在虚拟机菜单中右键单击 VM，然后单击客户机 > 安装/升级 VMware Tools™。
VM 选项卡 => 选择安装 VMware Tools
已完成挂载 VMware Tools CDROM。
从命令行挂载 VMware Tools™¶
为 VMware Tools™ 创建一个挂载点并挂载它
sudo mkdir /mnt/cdrom
sudo mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
mount: /mnt/cdrom: WARNING: source write-protected, mounted read-only.
检查 /dev/cdrom 是否已挂载
sudo df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 724M 9.3M 715M 2% /run
/dev/mapper/rl-root 37G 3.5G 34G 10% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1 960M 342M 619M 36% /boot
/dev/mapper/rl-home 19G 163M 18G 1% /home
tmpfs 362M 84K 362M 1% /run/user/1001
/dev/sr0 56M 56M 0 100% /mnt/CDROM
[root@localhost ecamalan]# cd /mnt/cdrom/
[root@localhost cdrom]# ls
manifest.txt run_upgrader.sh VMwareTools-10.3.23-16594550.tar.gz vmware-tools-upgrader-32 vmware-tools-upgrader-64
安装 VMware Tools™¶
使用以下命令将 VMware Tools™ gzip 文件复制到本地 /tmp 目录
cp /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-10.3.23-16594550.tar.gz /tmp/
将 tar.gz 文件解压缩到一个名为 /tmp/vmware-tools-distrib 的新目录
[root@localhost cdrom]# cd /tmp/
[root@localhost tmp]# tar -zxvf VMwareTools-10.3.23-16594550.tar.gz vmware-tools-distrib/
vmware-tools-distrib/
vmware-tools-distrib/bin/
vmware-tools-distrib/bin/vm-support
vmware-tools-distrib/bin/vmware-config-tools.pl
vmware-tools-distrib/bin/vmware-uninstall-tools.pl
vmware-tools-distrib/vgauth/
vmware-tools-distrib/vgauth/schemas/
vmware-tools-distrib/vgauth/schemas/xmldsig-core-schema.xsd
vmware-tools-distrib/vgauth/schemas/XMLSchema.xsd
vmware-tools-distrib/vgauth/schemas/saml-schema-assertion-2.0.xsd
vmware-tools-distrib/vgauth/schemas/catalog.xml
vmware-tools-distrib/vgauth/schemas/XMLSchema.dtd
vmware-tools-distrib/vgauth/schemas/xml.xsd
vmware-tools-distrib/vgauth/schemas/xenc-schema.xsd
vmware-tools-distrib/vgauth/schemas/datatypes.dtd
vmware-tools-distrib/vgauth/schemas/XMLSchema-instance.xsd
vmware-tools-distrib/vgauth/schemas/XMLSchema-hasFacetAndProperty.xsd
vmware-tools-distrib/caf/
... (some packages not shown)
vmware-tools-distrib/lib/plugins64/common/
vmware-tools-distrib/lib/plugins64/common/libvix.so
vmware-tools-distrib/lib/plugins64/common/libhgfsServer.so
vmware-tools-distrib/doc/
vmware-tools-distrib/doc/INSTALL
vmware-tools-distrib/doc/open_source_licenses.txt
vmware-tools-distrib/doc/README
vmware-tools-distrib/vmware-install.pl
警告
在开始之前，您需要检查 /etc/init.d 目录是否存在。如果不存在，您可能会看到以下错误
包含 init 目录 (rc0.d/ 到 rc6.d/) 的目录是什么？
解决方案
sudo su
[root@localhost etc]# clear
[root@localhost etc]# cd /etc/
[root@localhost etc]# mkdir init.d
[root@localhost etc]# cd init.d
[root@localhost etc]# for i in {0,1,2,3,4,5,6}
> do
> mkdir rc$i.d
> done
[root@localhost etc]# cd /tmp/vmware-tools-distrib/
[root@localhost vmware-tools-distrib]# ./vmware-install.pl
警告
小心更改默认 init 脚本目录，它应该是 /etc/init.d/。
包含 init 目录 (rc0.d/ 到 rc6.d/) 的目录是什么？ [/etc] /etc/init.d
输入: [/etc/init.d]
路径 "/etc/init.d" 是一个目录，它不包含 rc0.d 目录。
包含 init 目录 (rc0.d/ 到 rc6.d/) 的目录是什么？ [/etc] /etc/init.d/
输入: [/etc/init.d/]
包含 init 脚本的目录是什么？ [/etc/init.d]
输入: [/etc/init.d] 默认
要运行 PERL 脚本，请切换到 vmware-tools-distrib 目录并运行 vmware-install.pl
sudo cd /tmp/vmware-tools-distrib/
sudo ./vmware-install.pl
A previous installation of VMware Tools has been detected.
The previous installation was made by the tar installer (version 4).
Keeping the tar4 installer database format.
You have a version of VMware Tools installed. Continuing this install will
first uninstall the currently installed version. Do you wish to continue?
(yes/no) [yes]
INPUT: [yes] default
Uninstalling the tar installation of VMware Tools™.
Can't exec "/etc/vmware-caf/pme/install/preupgrade.sh": No such file or directory at /usr/bin/vmware-uninstall-tools.pl line 4421.
The removal of VMware Tools 10.3.23 build-16594550 for Linux completed
successfully.
Installing VMware Tools™.
In which directory do you want to install the binary files?
[/usr/bin]
INPUT: [/usr/bin] default
What is the directory that contains the init directories (rc0.d/ to rc6.d/)?
[/etc]
INPUT: [/etc] default
What is the directory that contains the init scripts?
[/etc/init.d]
INPUT: [/etc/init.d] default
In which directory do you want to install the daemon files?
[/usr/sbin]
INPUT: [/usr/sbin] default
In which directory do you want to install the library files?
[/usr/lib/vmware-tools]
INPUT: [/usr/lib/vmware-tools] default
The path "/usr/lib/vmware-tools" does not exist currently. This program is
going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?
[yes]
INPUT: [yes] default
In which directory do you want to install the common agent library files?
[/usr/lib]
INPUT: [/usr/lib] default
In which directory do you want to install the common agent transient files?
[/var/lib]
INPUT: [/var/lib] default
In which directory do you want to install the documentation files?
[/usr/share/doc/vmware-tools]
INPUT: [/usr/share/doc/vmware-tools] default
The path "/usr/share/doc/vmware-tools" does not exist currently. This program
is going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you
want? [yes]
INPUT: [yes] default
The installation of VMware Tools 10.3.23 build-16594550 for Linux completed
successfully. You can decide to remove this software from your system at any
time by invoking the following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall-tools.pl".
Before running VMware Tools for the first time, you need to configure it by
invoking the following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-config-tools.pl". Do you want
this program to invoke the command for you now? [yes]
INPUT: [yes] default
Initializing...
Making sure services for VMware Tools are stopped.
Failed to stop vmware-tools.service: Unit vmware-tools.service not loaded.
Stopping VMware Tools services in the virtual machine:
Guest operating system daemon: done
VMware User Agent (vmware-user): done
Unmounting HGFS shares: done
Guest filesystem driver: done
sh: line 1: : command not found
The installation status of vmsync could not be determined.
Skippinginstallation.
The installation status of vmci could not be determined. Skippinginstallation.
The installation status of vsock could not be determined. Skippinginstallation.
The installation status of vmxnet3 could not be determined.
Skippinginstallation.
The installation status of pvscsi could not be determined.
Skippinginstallation.
The installation status of vmmemctl could not be determined.
Skippinginstallation.
The VMware Host-Guest Filesystem allows for shared folders between the host OS
and the guest OS in a Fusion or Workstation virtual environment. Do you wish
to enable this feature? [yes]
INPUT: [yes] default
The vmxnet driver is no longer supported on kernels 3.3 and greater. Please
upgrade to a newer virtual NIC. (e.g., vmxnet3 or e1000e)
The vmblock enables dragging or copying files between host and guest in a
Fusion or Workstation virtual environment. Do you wish to enable this feature?
[yes]
INPUT: [yes] default
Skipping configuring automatic kernel modules as no drivers were installed by
this installer.
Do you want to enable Guest Authentication (vgauth)? Enabling vgauth is needed
if you want to enable Common Agent (caf). [yes]
INPUT: [yes] default
Do you want to enable Common Agent (caf)? [no]
INPUT: [no] default
Detected X server version 1.20.11
Distribution provided drivers for Xorg X server are used.
Skipping X configuration because X drivers are not included.
Skipping rebuilding initrd boot image for kernel as no drivers to be included
in boot image were installed by this installer.
Generating the key and certificate files.
Successfully generated the key and certificate files.
Failed to start vmware-tools.service: Unit vmware-tools.service not found.
Unable to start services for VMware Tools
Execution aborted.
Warning no default label for /tmp/vmware-block-restore-5339.0/tmp_file
Enjoy,
--the VMware team
如果您正在运行 GUI，则需要重新启动系统
sudo shutdown -r now
检查 VMware 安装¶
sudo /etc/init.d/vmware-tools start
Checking acpi hot plug done
Starting VMware Tools services in the virtual machine:
Switching to guest configuration: done
Guest filesystem driver: done
Mounting HGFS shares: done
Blocking file system: done
Guest operating system daemon: done
VGAuthService:
sudo /etc/init.d/vmware-tools status
vmtoolsd is running
结论¶
我们从 Rocky Linux 的最小安装开始，这导致了许多缺陷，并且在过程中遇到了错误。尽管如此，我们还是设法安装并运行了 VMware Tools™，尽管遇到了一些挑战。
作者: Emre Camalan
贡献者: Steven Spencer, Ganna Zhyrnova